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Background & aim: Little is known about the effects of COVID-19 on pregnancy outcomes. The present study was performed to investigate maternal and perinatal outcomes in pregnant women affected by COVID-19. Methods: This case-control study was conducted on 264 pregnant women, including 132 infected (case group) and 132 uninfected pregnant women with COVID-19 (control group), using a retrospective record review design and matched sampling in three hospitals in Hamadan Province, Iran. Pregnant women with a positive COVID-19 test were identified through the registration system for COVID-19 in the health centers. The two groups were matched in terms of gestational age and maternal age. Data were collected from February 2020 to October 2021 using a questionnaire consisting of demographic and obstetric data, maternal and perinatal outcomes, and information about COVID-19 detection and treatment. Data were analyzed by SPSS software (version 22). Results: A high percentage of the case group lived in urban areas (p=0.026). In the case group, newborn hospitalization and death were significantly higher (p=0.032). No differences were observed between the two groups in other maternal or perinatal outcomes. Although there was one maternal death, two HELLP syndromes, and two cases of pregnancy cholestasis in the case group, however, they were not statistically significant. Conclusion: Although most maternal and perinatal outcomes were not statistically significant in COVID-19 pregnancies, some important outcomes, especially maternal death, occurred only in the case group. More evidence is needed to confirm whether COVID-19 can negatively affect pregnancy outcomes.
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BACKGROUND: Perception of the threatening disease leads to coping behaviors that can affect the treatment process. Social support can be one of the factors influencing the perception of the disease and coping strategies. Our study aimed to determine the perception of the disease, its relationship with coping strategies and social support in COVID-19 patients in Iran. METHODS: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 1014 patients who were hospitalized during October 2020 to May 2021 through multi-stage sampling method. The data-gathering instruments consisted a demographic information checklist, and standard questionnaires including disease perception, social support, and coping strategies. Correlation coefficient, multiple linear regression model, and simple linear regression model were used for data analysis. RESULTS: The mean age of the participants was 40.87 ± 12.42 and the majority of them were female (67.2%(, married (60.1%), and had relatives who had COVID-19 (82.6%). There was a significant inverse relationship between variables (identity, outcomes, emotional expressions etc.) and social support (> 0.01). Also there was a significant direct relationship between variables (self-control, therapeutic susceptibility etc.) and the coping behavior (p < 0.05). There was an inverse relationship between the variables (outcomes, self-blaming, sex, etc.) (P = 0.0001) and a direct one between the variables (education, disease phase, etc.) and perceived social support (P = 0.004). CONCLUSIONS: These results show the importance of promoting positive coping strategies and social support in the face of large-scale health crises. The knowledge of nurses about the results of this study, who are responsible for the care and education of the patient, can be effective in the length of hospitalization and reducing costs.
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: E-learning is web-based learning for education and training. The current global pandemic crisis created due to COVID-19 has made worldwide online learning. This study aimed to investigate the level of satisfaction and quality of E-learning in medical universities from the students' point of view during the epidemic of COVID-19 and assessing the obstacles and solutions proposed to improve the quality of E-learning. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A cross-sectional, web-based study was conducted among 400 medical university students of Iran during the epidemic of COVID-19. After getting written consent, three parts questionnaire contains demographic, user satisfaction, quality questionnaire, and three open-ended questions were distributed randomly using social media. Descriptive analysis, t-test, Chi-square, and Pearson correlation coefficient were used to achieve the objective of this study, with significance set to P < 0.05. Furthermore, three open-ended questions were reviewed qualitatively and the problems and solutions suggested by the students were reported. RESULTS: Based on the findings of the descriptive section, 277 of the respondents were girls (69%) with a mean age of 21 ± 2 years. Sixty-nine percent of students were studying in medical sciences universities and 31% were studying in Islamic Azad University. The level of satisfaction was in the upper range of low (34.0 ± 10.0);P < 0.001, and intention to reuse was moderate (23.06 ± 6.0);P = 0.064. Student's perception of quality in most domains was in the upper range of low to medium. User satisfaction, intention to reuse, the quality of knowledge, and participatory quality for evaluating online courses were significantly higher in the Azad University group than in medical universities. CONCLUSION: Given that this is the first experience in the use of E-learning in Iran, both universities have not yet fully succeeded in satisfying students and it is necessary to increase the quality of E-learning based on student suggestions.